Types of Chocolate Products
In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established Standards of Identity for many chocolate and cocoa products. These standards designate the percentage of key ingredients that must be present.
Following are the definitions for some well-known chocolate and cocoa products:
Terms & Definitions:
- Milk Chocolate
- - A combination of chocolate liquor (not alcohol), cocoa butter, sugar and milk or cream. Milk chocolate must contain at least 10% chocolate liquor and at least 12% total milk ingredients.
- Sweet Chocolate
- - A combination of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and sugar, but contains at least 15% chocolate liquor.
- Semisweet Or Bittersweet Chocolate
- - A combination of chocolate liquor, cocoa butter and sugar, but contains at least 35% chocolate liquor. Sweet chocolate and semisweet chocolate are often called dark chocolate.
- Chocolate, Unsweetened Chocolate, Or Baking Chocolate
- - Chocolate or chocolate liquor is produced by grinding cocoa beans smooth into a liquid state. This chocolate can be sold as unsweetened chocolate or baking chocolate or used to make other chocolate types such as milk chocolate, sweet chocolate, or semisweet chocolate.
- White Chocolate
- - Made from the same ingredients as milk chocolate (cocoa butter, milk, sugar) but without the nonfat cocoa solids. In 2002, FDA established a standard of identity for white chocolate. White chocolate must contain at least 20% cocoa butter and 14% total milk ingredients.
- Cocoa
- - Cocoa is the product made by removing part of the fat (cocoa butter) from the cocoa beans and grinding the remaining material minus the shell.
Theobromine
Theobromine is a methylxanthine, in the same class of compounds as caffeine and theophylline. All of these methylxanthines occur naturally in many plants found throughout the world including the cocoa, tea and coffee plants. Theobromine is found primarily in cocoa beans, caffeine in coffee and tea, and theophylline in tea.
Since theobromine occurs naturally in cocoa beans, it is present in all chocolate products. The amount of theobromine in the finished product depends on the type of chocolate and the serving size. Milk chocolate contains less theobromine than semi-sweet or dark chocolate.
Unlike caffeine, theobromine does not stimulate the central nervous system. But it can have a mild diuretic action (increases urine production) similar to caffeine.
Dogs metabolize theobromine very slowly. As a result, theobromine can have a serious effect on the animal's heart, kidneys and central nervous system. It carries the same risk as does a dog's consumption of other common household items such as coffee, tea, cola beverages and certain houseplants.
| Source | Serving | Theobromine 1 |
|---|---|---|
| HERSHEY'S Confectionery products | ||
| HERSHEY'S COOKIES 'N' CRÉME Candy Bar | 1.55 oz (43g) | 20mg |
| KIT KAT Wafer Bar | 1.5 oz (42g) | 39mg |
| HERSHEY'S KISSES Brand Chocolate | 9 pieces (41g) | 74mg |
| HERSHEY'S Milk Chocolate Bar | 1.55 oz (43g) | 74mg |
| HERSHEY'S Chocolate Bar with Almonds | 1.45 oz (41g) | 61mg |
| MR. GOODBAR Chocolate Bar | 1.75 oz (49g) | 58mg |
| REESE'S Peanut Butter Cups | 1.6 oz (45g) | 30mg |
| REESE'S PIECES Candy | 1.63 oz (46g) | 0mg |
| ROLO Caramels in Milk Chocolate | 7 pieces (42g) | 25mg |
| SKOR Toffee Bar | 1.4 oz (39g) | 22mg |
| HERSHEY'S SPECIAL DARK Chocolate Bar | 1.45 oz (41g) | 184mg |
| HERSHEY'S grocery products | ||
| HERSHEY'S Chocolate Syrup | 2 Tbsp (39g) | 70mg |
| HERSHEY'S WHOPPERS Chocolate Malt Syrup | 2 Tbsp (39g) | 47mg |
| HERSHEY'S Lite Syrup | 2 Tbsp (39g) | 61mg |
| HERSHEY'S CHOCOLATE SHOPPE Topping | 2 Tbsp (37g) | 45mg |
| HERSHEY'S Chocolate Milk | 1 cup (240ml) | 36-45mg |
| HERSHEY'S Cocoa | 1 Tbsp (5g) | 108mg |
| HERSHEY'S Semi-Sweet Baking Bar | 1 Tbsp (15g) | 58mg |
| HERSHEY'S Unsweetened Baking Chocolate | 1/2 bar (14g) | 161mg |
- References
- 1 The amount of theobromine varies due to growing conditions and cocoa bean variety. Hershey's flavors and quality are maintained with cocoa beans purchased from various cocoa producing countries.
Caffeine
Some people are surprised to learn that chocolate is not high in caffeine. A typical 8-ounce glass of chocolate milk has the same amount of caffeine as a cup of decaffeinated coffee. A HERSHEY'S chocolate bar (1.55 ounce) contains about 10 mg of caffeine - slightly more than a cup of decaffeinated coffee, but much less than that found in regular coffee, tea, and some soft drinks. The small amount of caffeine in chocolate occurs naturally in cocoa beans.
| Source | Serving | Caffeine2 |
|---|---|---|
| Coffee | 1 Cup (240ml) | |
| Brewed, drip method | 65-120mg | |
| Instant | 60-85mg | |
| Decaffeinated | 2-3mg | |
| Teas | 1 Cup (240ml) | |
| Brewed, major U.S. brands | 20-90mg | |
| Instant | 24-31mg | |
| Decaffeinated | 9-50mg | |
| Soft Drinks | 1 Cup (240ml) | |
| Caffeinated | 20-40mg | |
| HERSHEY'S confectionery products | ||
| HERSHEY'S COOKIES 'N' CRÉME candy bar | 1.55 oz (43g) | 4mg |
| KIT KAT wafer bar | 1.5 oz (42g) | 6mg |
| HERSHEY'S KISSES brand chocolate | 9 pieces (41g) | 9mg |
| HERSHEY'S chocolate bar | 1.55 oz (43g) | 9mg |
| HERSHEY'S chocolate bar with almonds | 1.45 oz (41g) | 8mg |
| MR. GOODBAR chocolate bar | 1.75 oz (49g) | 7mg |
| REESE'S peanut butter cups | 1.6 oz (45g) | 4mg |
| REESE'S PIECES candy | 1.63 oz (46g) | 0mg |
| ROLO caramels in milk chocolate | 7 pieces (42g) | 3mg |
| SKOR toffee bar | 1.4 oz (39g) | 3mg |
| HERSHEY'S SPECIAL DARK chocolate bar | 1.45 oz (41g) | 31mg |
| HERSHEY'S grocery products | ||
| HERSHEY'S chocolate syrup | 2 Tbsp (39g) | 7mg |
| HERSHEY'S WHOPPERS chocolate malt syrup | 2 Tbsp (39g) | 5mg |
| HERSHEY'S lite syrup | 2 Tbsp (39g) | 6mg |
| HERSHEY'S CHOCOLATE SHOPPE topping | 2 Tbsp (37g) | 4mg |
| HERSHEY'S chocolate milk | 1 cup (240ml) | 3-4mg |
| HERSHEY'S cocoa | 1 Tbsp (5g) | 11mg |
| HERSHEY'S Semi-Sweet Baking Bar | 1 Tbsp (15g) | 6mg |
| HERSHEY'S unsweetened baking chocolate | 1/2 Bar (14g) | 15mg |
- REFERENCES
- 1 Caffeine data from IFIC Foundation except for HERSHEY'S products.
- 2 The amount of caffeine varies due to growing conditions of the plant sources, plant varieties, and processing (e.g., brand, brewing method, etc.)
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